Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Secrets of Grade-A Parents
[A] When Carey Graham started Grade One, he got a very special teacher. "She recognised my passion for learning," says the now 20-year-old. "Every morning we’d sit down with workbooks and do writing and maths exercises. And any time during the day, she could always be counted on to read to me. She always encouraged me to learn all I could about everything." This extraordinary teacher was his mum, Jeanne Lambert, who homeschooled Graham until high school. He’s now in his second year in the University of Toronto’s Peace and Conflict Studies program, having received a provincial "Aiming for the Top" scholarship. Graham is considering a law degree or a master’s in political science down the road. He attributes his academic success to the foundation laid by his parents.
[B] While Graham’s type of education is becoming more and more popular, most people can’t give up the time or income to teach their kids at home, and many are more confident about mainstream schooling. But even if you send your kids off on the school bus every morning, you can still give them many of the benefits of homeschooling. After all, you’ve been teaching your children successfully since infancy, and that teaching role doesn’t end just because a child is in school. Parents need to remind themselves that no matter how qualified their child’s teacher is, they are the ones who know their child best—what motivates and excites him, when he has the energy to learn.
[C] "You can’t be a parent without being a teacher," says Bruce Arai, a professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario. "Perhaps the most important teaching in a child’s life is done by his parents, not by some professionals with certificates," he says. Homeschooling isn’t about sitting your kids down in the kitchen and teaching them in the formal sense, Arai says, but about "making sure the resources and opportunities for learning are available to them". And that, any parent can do.
[D] Here, then, are some methods that parents (who would never consider homeschooling) can pick up from those who do.
Lesson 1 Think outside the classroom
[E] "Education can take place anywhere," says homeschooler Gina Rozon of La Ronge, Sask. When her ten-year-old daughter, Liana, became interested in rocks, Rozon didn’t just consult a book for information. "l phoned some friends until I found somebody who knew somebody who was married to a geologist (地质学家). He was happy to come over and examine Liana’s rocks with her. He also told us about his job at a mine and the education required to do it."
[F] When homeschooler Kerri Paquette, a mother of six, was building a house in Lansdowne, she saw it as a learning opportunity. Her kids, aged 3 to 13, continue to view the world as their classroom. They study food and plant growth through their organic garden. They learn about cows by talking to the neighbouring farmers. And they learn maths, measuring and science while helping Paquette cook. "The other day my nine-year-old Maddison started learning a new educational computer programme. The section on fractions was all new, but she knew it from when we baked." Every activity, says Paquette, can include a lesson.
Lesson 2 Eliminate learning limits
[G] "We don’t have a time frame that restricts our investigations, and we don’t have a daily schedule," says Linda Clement, who homeschools her two daughters in Victoria. When her 14-year-old daughter showed an interest in the human body, the curious student read dozens of relevant books and surfed websites. Janet’s curiosity took her in all sorts of directions: a dictionary of poisons and antidotes, an encyclopedia of medicine, books about human personality and much more. The benefit to your child goes beyond a thorough knowledge of a subject. Studying deeply a topic builds independent research skills and a love of learning. "If my children are interested in a subject," says Clement, "we can go as far into the subject as possible, answering as many questions as they have, as long as it is necessary. This freedom encourages their investigations."
Lesson 3 Teach your kids their way
[H] Some children are visual learners (they absorb best when they see something), some are auditory (they need to hear it), some are kinesthetic (they need hands-on experience) and some are a combination. Uncovering how your child learns best will increase your effectiveness in helping him or her with schoolwork.
[I] The way Melissa Cowl’s six children, aged 3 to 15, pick up on maths highlights the great differences in learning styles. "Our ten-year-old Matthew needs everything in black and white: Tell him what to do and how to do it, and it’s done," says the mother. "He had a maths text that was too colourful, with a layout that was difficult to follow. I switched to a text that was more step-by-step, more concrete. Now he does maths tests with no trouble".
Lesson 4 Let them see you learn
[J] One of the best parts of homeschooling is that you can continue your own education—and your kids can see you doing it and pick up on your love of learning. The same principle can be applied by any parent.
[K] "Learning never ends," says Julia Goforth, a homeschooling mother of four. "We try new things all the time, whether I’m reading something new or we’re all tasting foods we’d never normally eat."
[L] Learning doesn’t always go smoothly, for kids and adults alike, which is why it’s important for children to see their parents struggle with something new. "My children watched me turn my life around by trying new things," says Goforth. "I went from being a fearful, stay-at-home mum to an adventurous artist’s model and public speaker. Learning belly dance and violin is on my to-do list this year."
Lesson 5 "Own" your children’s education
[M] "Helping them isn’t about showing your kids how to do the work. It’s about being genuinely interested and having regular conversations about what they’re learning," says J. Gary Knowles, a professor at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.
[N] Rozon has many suggestions for how to get more involved. "Get to know the teacher. Discuss ways to design the assignments according to your child’s learning style. Spend time in the classroom. Ask for outlines of unit studies so you can find additional materials at the library or through videos. Read your child’s textbooks: If you work a few pages ahead, you’ll be able to help them with problems they encounter. Reading is another must," says Rozon. "Even after your children can read themselves, hearing somebody else read aloud is important. We nearly always bring a book wherever we go; we read for at least a half-hour before bedtime."
[O] "The more engaged a parent is, the more the child benefits," adds Bruce Arai. "The evidence is clear: Parental involvement is one of the most important factors in school success. The hours children spend in class are but one element of their education." Carey Graham may most probably study political science after his graduation from university.