案例分析题
For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology. Her ability to negotiate __1___ by the fact most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets. Japan’s __2__ has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large, so that __3__ to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses. Besides, Japan’s work force was disciplined, so it was capable __4__ applying the information it acquired. Finally, American and European companies, who were __5__ licensers, felt that the Japanese companies might take a large share of the world market __6__ they were not limited by licensing agreement.
Conditions of this sort, __7__ together in one nation, may well be unique, and the case of Japan may therefore not actually demonstrate that licensing is just as efficient as multinational ownership for the __8__ of technology. In fact, Japan may be finding this method of operation __9__ effective than in the past ,as her needs for outside technology now require information which __10__ only a few companies and is more closely held.