Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,’ C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.
Food and oxygen pass easily from mother to fetus (an unborn baby). Now it seems that fleeting sadness or happiness is also 1 to an unborn baby. Stress or depression in pregnancy can 2 a fetus, but less is known about the 3 of transient emotions. To 4 , Kazuyuki Shinohara and colleagues at Nagasaki University in Japan showed 10 pregnant volunteers a cheery 5-minute clip from the musical The Sound of Music. Another 14 watched a tear-jerking 5 minutes from The Champ. Each clip was sandwiched between two "neutral" samples 5 the team could 6 any changes in fetal movements against a baseline.
The women listened to the films through headphones to 7 that only the effect of their 8 , not the sounds, were being measured. "Fetuses can hear by the last three months," says Shinohara. The team 9 the number of arm, leg and whole body movements 10 ultrasound and found that during the happy film clip the fetuses moved their arms 11 more than when the pregnant women watched a neutral clip. 12 , the fetuses of sad women moved their arms less.
What makes the 13 of happy mothers wave isn’t clear. 14 , such movement is a(n) 15 of a working nervous and motor system, says Alexander Heazell at the University of Manchester, UK. He says the study offers us insights into how 16 influences affect fetuses. Shinohara suggests that sad- ness 17 more of the "fight or flight" hormone, which redirects blood away from the uterus. The’ fetus diverts the reduced blood 18 to its brain and heart and away from its limbs. 19 it’s too early to use the study to 20 women.