Working memory, or short-term memory, involves the ability to hold and use information in the immediate future. 21 is only held in working memory for about 20 seconds. The challenge that students 22 is to move information from their working memories into their long-term memories. If they don"t do this in about the first few minutes after receiving the information, that information can be lost. To keep this newly learned material from 23 away, it needs to enter the network of the brain"s wiring.
After repeated practice, working memories are set down as permanent neuronal (神经的) circuits 24 to be activated (激活) when the information is needed. When a memory has been recalled 25 its neuronal circuits are more highly developed because of their repeated activation.
26 exercising a muscle, these circuits then become more efficient and easier to access and activate. Practice results 27 repeated stimulation of the memory circuit. Like hikers along a path 28 eventually leave a depression in the road, repeated practice stimulates cells in the memory circuit such that the circuit is reinforced and becomes 29 . This means it can be quickly turned from off to on, and switched 30 through a variety of cues coming in from the senses.